![]() However, recent evidence indicate that once released into the synaptic cleft tPA activates specific cell signaling pathways that promote the detection and adaptation to metabolic stress. It has been proposed that tPA has a neurotoxic effect in the ischemic brain. tPA is rapidly released from neurons after either exposure to hypoxia or hypoglycemia in vitro, or the induction of cerebral ischemia in vivo. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine proteinase found not only in the intravascular space but also in a well-defined sub-set of neurons in the brain. Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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